what is copyright?

In Singapore, copyright law is governed by the Copyright Act (Cap 63) of 1987 and as amended by the Copyright (Amendment) Act 1994 and the Copyright (Amendment) Act 1998. Further amendments are expected in the Copyright (Amendment) Act 1999.

Copyright refers to the exclusive right to do a number of things in relation to a work: such as, reproduce or make a copy of a work; publish the work; perform the work in public; broadcast the work; include the work in a cable program service, etc.. In relation to the right to make a copy, that right is infringed when a substantial part of the work is copied.

In addition to exclusive rights, there is the concept of moral right at common law that is also applicable in Singapore. The concept of moral right is that the copyright owner of a work has the right to claim to be identified as such and to object to any distortion, mutilation or other modification of his work that would be prejudicial to his reputation. Further, in this connection, the Copyright Act imposes a duty on anyone not to falsely attribute the authorship of a work or to knowingly reproduce, publish, sell or let for hire or by way of trade offer for sale any such altered works. The copyright owner has a cause of action against anyone who breaches such a duty.

For copyright to subsist, the work must be a protected work under the Copyright Act. Copyright protection can be claimed in the following categories of works or materials:

  • literary works (which also includes computer programs and as amended by the Copyright Amendment Act 1999, also includes creative compilations);
  • musical works;
  • artistic works;
  • dramatic works (the above are generally known as "authors’ works");
  • sound recordings;
  • cinematograph films;
  • broadcasts;
  • cable programs;
  • published editions of works; and
  • live performances.

 

There is copyright in any original expression. The test of "originality" is not stringent. An expression is considered original as long as it is not copied from some other work and there is a degree of intellectual effort, labor and skill involved in the creation.

 

what is a trade mark?

A trade mark is any visually perceptible sign capable of being represented graphically and which is capable of distinguishing goods or services dealt with or provided in the course of trade by a person from goods and services so dealt with or provided in the course of trade by any other person.

Such a sign includes any letter, word, name, signature, numeral, device, brand, heading, label, ticket, shape, colour, aspect of packaging or any combination thereof. An example of a famous trade mark is Coca-Cola. Sound and smell marks are excluded from the definition of a trade mark.

 

TTTerms and Conditionsss
PLEASE READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE (the "Sites").

WELCOME TO Team Organization™ ! Please read these terms and conditions of use carefully before using Team Organization™ (the "Site"). Your access to and use of the Site is subject to the following terms and conditions (including the Privacy Policy of the Site) and all applicable laws. By accessing and using this Site, you signify your assent to these Terms of Use. If you do not agree to these Terms of Use, please do not use the Site. These Terms of Use may be amended or modified, or new conditions may be imposed, at any time. Any such changes or additions will be reflected by an update of this posting. Please check these Terms of Use periodically for changes. Your continued use of the Site following the posting of changes to these terms (including the Privacy Policy) will mean you accept those changes.

This site is fully controlled and operated by Team Organization™, Inc. (referred to below as "Team Organization™" "we," "us," and "our"). By accessing and using this Site, you agree to be legally bound by these terms of use. If you do not agree to these terms, please do not use the Sites. We reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to change, modify, add to, or otherwise alter these Terms and Conditions at any time. Such changes and/or modifications shall become effective immediately upon their posting, so please review the Terms and Conditions posted at this link periodically. Your continued use of the Site following the posting of changes and/or modifications will constitute your acceptance of the revised Terms and Conditions (including the Team Organization™ Privacy Policy). For your information, this page was last updated on Sunday, May 12, 2002 10:20:08 AM

 

 

 

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The following restrictions apply to all links to the Site from any on-line, cable, wireless or other site, service or browser:

A. On-line, cable, wireless or other sites, services or browsers created by, licensed by or substantially associated with any entity that regularly promotes any product, brand or service may not link to Team Organization™ without the written permission of Team Organization™, even if the page/area where the link originates does not promote a product, brand or service.

B. Sites, services or browsers other than Commercial Sites (e.g., fan sites, chamber of commerce sites, search engines, widely available Internet browsers) ("Permissible Sites") may link to Team Organization™ sites without the express written permission of Team Organization™ if such link is: (i) a "word" (as opposed to a "logo") link; and (ii) spatially separated from, and not otherwise associated with, any sponsorship advertising, or other commercial text or graphics that may be on the page/area containing such word link.

C. The Team Organization™ logo or any other logo of the Team Organization™ may not be used to link to Team Organization™ sites without the written permission of Team Organization™.

D. No link to the Sites may be "framed" by the Permissible Site where the link originated if such "frame" contains any sponsorship, advertising or other commercial text or graphics.

E. All links to Sites from a Permissible Sites must be to the Site's home page -- links to internal pages within the Sites other than to the home page are not permitted.

F. The posting or creation of any link to the Site signifies that you have read these Linkage Restrictions and agree to abide by their terms.





OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RESTRICTIONS ON USE

All site software, designs, text, images, photographs, illustrations, audio clips, video clips, artwork, graphic material, or other copyrightable elements, and the selection and arrangements thereof, and trademarks, service marks and trade names (the "Materials") are the property of Team Organization™, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries, affiliates, assigns, licensors or other respective owners, and are protected, without limitation, pursuant to SG. and foreign copyright and trademark laws.

Users are not permitted or authorized to copy, reproduce, republish, upload, post, transmit, or distribute Materials (or any portion thereof) in any way or by any means, except that you may download one copy of appropriately limited portions of the Materials on any single computer for your personal, noncommercial use only, provided you include "© 2001 Team Organization™ Sites, Inc. All Rights Reserved" on every page containing copyrightable elements and you keep intact other proprietary notices. Modification of Materials or use of Materials for any other purpose is a violation of Team Organization™' copyright and other proprietary rights. For purposes of these Terms and Conditions, use of any Materials in any unauthorized manner (including, without limitation, on web pages or sites that contain paid or free advertisements, third-party endorsements of any kind or nature (including without limitation, endorsements of a religious, political, or social orientation nature), promotions, products, games, services, or other inappropriate content) is strictly prohibited. Team Organization™ hereby grants you a personal, non-exclusive, non-assignable, revocable, non-transferable license to use and display, for noncommercial and personal use only, one copy of appropriately limited portions of the Materials and/or software that are downloadable from this Sites, including, without limitation, any files, codes, audio, or images incorporated in or generated by or in conjunction with the Site and/or Team Organization™, provided that that "© 2001 Team Organization™, Inc. All Rights Reserved" accompanies all copyrightable Materials and other notices are properly maintained. You agree not to reproduce, modify, create derivative works from, display, perform, publish, distribute, disseminate, broadcast, sell, recompile, reverse engineer, disassemble, or circulate any Materials to any third party (including, without limitation, display and distribute the Materials via a third party website) without Team Organization™' express prior written consent. Unauthorized or prohibited exploitation of Materials will result in deletion of the offender's account from the Site, and may subject the offender to civil liability and criminal prosecution under applicable federal and state laws.

Team Organization™ respects the intellectual property of others, and we ask our users to do the same. Team Organization™ may, in appropriate circumstances and at its discretion, terminate the accounts of users who infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please provide Team Organization™'s Copyright Agent with the following information:

(1) an electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest;
(2) a description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;
(3) a description of where the material that you claim is infringing is located on the site;
(4) your address, telephone number, and email address;
(5) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law;
(6) a statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your Notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf.

Team Organization™'s Copyright Agent for Notice of claims of copyright infringement can be reached as follows:

Team Organization Building Tower A
Legal Department
Team Organization™, Inc.
P.O. Box 552
Team Organization Road, SG 558486
Telephone: (+ international dialing code) 65-777-TEAM
Fax: (+ international dialing code) 65-777-TEAM
E-mail: LEGAL@TEAM.ORG

USE OF USER SUBMITTED MATERIALS
By uploading or otherwise submitting any materials to us and/or the Sites, you (and your parents, if you're under age 18) automatically grant (or warrant that the owner of such rights has expressly granted) to Team Organization™ a perpetual, royalty-free, irrevocable, nonexclusive right and license to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, translate, create derivative works from, and distribute such materials or incorporate such materials into any form, medium, or technology (now known or hereafter developed or devised) throughout the universe. In addition, you warrant that all so-called "moral rights" and other rights recognized throughout the world (including without limitation, the European Economic Community) in those materials have been waived.

DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
THIS SITE AND ALL MATERIALS CONTAINED ON IT ARE DISTRIBUTED AND TRANSMITTED ON AN "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMISSIBLE UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, Team Organization™ DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Team Organization™ DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SITE OR MATERIALS WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THIS SITE OR THE SERVERS THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS. Team Organization™ DOES NOT WARRANT OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING THE USE OR THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF THE MATERIALS IN THIS SITE WITH REGARD TO THEIR CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY, ACCURACY, ADEQUACY, COMPLETENESS, CORRECTNESS AND VALIDITY OF ANY MATERIAL RESTS WITH YOU. YOU (I.E., NOT Team Organization™) ASSUME THE COMPLETE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION. APPLICABLE LAW MAY NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMISSIBLE PURSUANT TO APPLICABLE LAW, Team Organization™, ITS AFFILIATES, AND THEIR RESPECTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, LICENSORS, REPRESENTATIVES, AND THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS TO THE SITE WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, COMPENSATORY, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR SIMILAR DAMAGES, THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE USE OF, OR THE INABILITY TO USE, THE MATERIALS CONTAINED ON THIS SITE, WHETHER THE MATERIAL IS PROVIDED OR OTHERWISE SUPPLIED BY Team Organization™ OR ANY THIRD PARTY.

NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL Team Organization™ HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY CLAIMS, DAMAGES, LOSSES, AND CAUSES OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) EXCEEDING THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU, IF ANY, FOR ACCESSING THIS SITE.

THIRD PARTY HYPERLINKS
The appearance of external hyperlinks and/or other materials generated by third parties does not constitute an endorsement by Team Organization™, its subsidiaries and affiliates, of the opinions or views expressed by these third party web sites. Team Organization™ explicitly disclaims any responsibility for the accuracy, content, availability, currency, completeness or quality of the content contained at these sites. Further, Team Organization™ is not responsible for the quality or delivery of the products or services offered, accessed, obtained by or advertised at such sites. As such, neither Team Organization™ nor its subsidiaries and affiliates are responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from the use of such information contained in these sites.

Team Organization™ encourages discretion when browsing the Internet using anyone's service. Because some sites employ automated search results or otherwise link you to sites containing information that may be deemed inappropriate or offensive, Team Organization™ cannot be held responsible for the accuracy, copyright compliance, legality, or decency of material contained in third-party sites, and you hereby irrevocably waive any claim against us with respect to such sites. Thus, under no circumstances will Team Organization™ be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or special loss or other damage, whether arising from negligence, breach of contract, defamation, infringement of copyright or other intellectual property rights, caused by the exhibition, distribution or exploitation of any information or content contained within these third party hyper linked sites.

Team Organization™ cannot ensure that you will be satisfied with any products or services that you obtain from a third-party site that links to or from Team Organization™, since such sites are owned and operated by third parties. Team Organization™ does not endorse any of the merchandise or services, nor has Team Organization™ taken any steps to confirm the accuracy or reliability of any of the information contained on such third-party sites. Team Organization™ does not make any representations or warranties as to the security of any information (including without limitation, credit card and other personal information) you may be required to provide on a third-party site, and you hereby irrevocably waive any claim against Team Organization™ with respect to such sites. We strongly encourage you to make whatever investigation you feel necessary or appropriate before proceeding with any online or offline transaction with any of these third parties.

INDEMNIFICATION
You agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Team Organization™, its affiliates, and their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, licensors, representatives, and third party providers to the site from and against all losses, expenses, damages and costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, resulting from any violation of these Terms and Conditions by you. Team Organization™ reserves the right to assume, at its sole expense, the exclusive defense and control of any matter subject to indemnification by you, in which event you will fully cooperate with Team Organization™ in asserting any available defenses.

 

 

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